Exploring Cryptocurrencies (excellent introduction from Invesco):
https://www.invesco.com/content/dam/invesco/emea/en/pdf/Exploring_Cryptocurrencies_2024.pdf
Money: The Evolution to Digital
https://www.citigroup.com/rcs/citigpa/storage/public/cbs38461_The%20Evolution%20to%20Digital%20Article_v10.pdf
Technical Material from the Federal Reserve:
https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/2024/EPR_2024_digital-assets_azar.pdf
https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/FRBP/Assets/Economy/Articles/economic-insights/2023/q2/eiq223-new-moneys-in-the-digital-era.pdf
https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/FRBP/Assets/Economy/Articles/economic-insights/2018/q2/eiq218-bitcoin.pdf
https://www.stlouisfed.org/-/media/project/frbstl/stlouisfed/publications/review/pdfs/2018/01/10/a-short-introduction-to-the-world-of-cryptocurrencies.pdf
https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/FRBP/Assets/Economy/Articles/economic-insights/2023/q2/eiq223-new-moneys-in-the-digital-era.pdf
https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/FRBP/Assets/Economy/Articles/economic-insights/2018/q2/eiq218-bitcoin.pdf
https://www.stlouisfed.org/-/media/project/frbstl/stlouisfed/publications/review/pdfs/2018/01/10/a-short-introduction-to-the-world-of-cryptocurrencies.pdf
Capitalisn’t: Why This Nobel Economist Thinks Bitcoin Is Going to Zero
Nobel-Winning Economist Says Bitcoin is Doomed
https://youtu.be/ueP0_rQ1eNw
https://youtu.be/ueP0_rQ1eNw
Crypto's Unholy Choir by Andrés Velasco
https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/crypto-backers-are-rogues-not-freedom-fighters-by-andres-velasco-2025-01
https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/crypto-backers-are-rogues-not-freedom-fighters-by-andres-velasco-2025-01
A Week of Failing to Pay With Bitcoin in El Salvador
https://reason.com/2024/10/31/a-week-of-failing-to-pay-with-bitcoin-in-el-salvador/
The country claims to be a leader in crypto transactions. But you can't force people to take a currency they don't want.
https://reason.com/2024/10/31/a-week-of-failing-to-pay-with-bitcoin-in-el-salvador/
The country claims to be a leader in crypto transactions. But you can't force people to take a currency they don't want.
A Looming Threat to Bitcoin: The Risk of a Quantum Hack
https://www.wsj.com/tech/cybersecurity/a-looming-threat-to-bitcoin-the-risk-of-a-quantum-hack-24637e29
Researchers warn a quantum-computing attack on cryptocurrency would cause trillions in losses.
https://www.wsj.com/tech/cybersecurity/a-looming-threat-to-bitcoin-the-risk-of-a-quantum-hack-24637e29
Researchers warn a quantum-computing attack on cryptocurrency would cause trillions in losses.
Between money and speculative asset: The role of financial literacy on the perception towards Bitcoin in Italy
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2024.102716
Abstract
With Bitcoin at the forefront, cryptocurrencies are gaining traction as an alternative asset investment, particularly among young investors. Although most of the empirical evidence has shown that it could not be defined as a currency, some Bitcoin users argue the opposite. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the perception of Bitcoin, i.e., whether it is a currency or an asset, with a focus on financial literacy among a subject pool of university students in Italy. The results show that, after controlling for several individual characteristics such as behavioral biases, personal attitudes, psychological traits, and socio-demographic information, this cryptocurrency is considered more than just an asset, and thus it could replace currency, among subjects with lower financial literacy, higher knowledge of Bitcoin, and those who do not trust the banking system. In contrast, Bitcoin is considered a speculative asset among those individuals with higher financial literacy. In line with the recent evidence that cryptocurrencies are mostly owned by young investors, results indicate the importance of increasing the level of financial education among them.
MONEY: A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Money-2.20.2025.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2024.102716
Abstract
With Bitcoin at the forefront, cryptocurrencies are gaining traction as an alternative asset investment, particularly among young investors. Although most of the empirical evidence has shown that it could not be defined as a currency, some Bitcoin users argue the opposite. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the perception of Bitcoin, i.e., whether it is a currency or an asset, with a focus on financial literacy among a subject pool of university students in Italy. The results show that, after controlling for several individual characteristics such as behavioral biases, personal attitudes, psychological traits, and socio-demographic information, this cryptocurrency is considered more than just an asset, and thus it could replace currency, among subjects with lower financial literacy, higher knowledge of Bitcoin, and those who do not trust the banking system. In contrast, Bitcoin is considered a speculative asset among those individuals with higher financial literacy. In line with the recent evidence that cryptocurrencies are mostly owned by young investors, results indicate the importance of increasing the level of financial education among them.
https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Money-2.20.2025.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12566
My pieces from 2021:
https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/532811-what-is-behind-the-recent-surge-in-the-price-of-bitcoin
https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/554998-is-bitcoin-the-future-of-money/