Resource rich countries often face economic challenges due to the so called 'Dutch Disease' phenomenon. The great Aussie economist Max Corden (one of my favorite international economists) is credited with coming up with the term 'Dutch Disease'.
Dutch Disease - What is it?
Essentially, during commodity boom periods, resource rich countries face real exchange rate appreciation that erodes the competitiveness of traditional non-commodity based industries (e.g. light or heavy manufacturing sectors). If the commodity boom lasts long enough, sectors not benefiting from the boom may wither away. Consequently, when the commodity boom ends, the unbalanced economy will suffer as the ability of a shrunken non-commodity sector to support growth is likely to be limited. (My description of underlying features of the 'Dutch Disease' phenomenon is quite terse - I have tried to capture just the core aspects)
A recent example might be the collapse of the Australian auto sector following a decade of natural resource/mining sector boom:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-26150990